Hunt, Ph. The ACS established the chemical landmarks program in to recognize seminal events in the history of chemistry and to increase public awareness of the contributions of chemistry to society. Dreft, composed of an alkyl sulfate, represented a breakthrough because it cleaned clothes in hard water -- a particular benefit for residents from the Midwest to the Rocky Mountains -- without leaving curds.
But it did not clean heavily soiled clothes well. But the builders left clothes harsh and stiff because the chemicals, usually sodium phosphates, reacted with the water's hardness to form insoluble deposits that could not be rinsed away. But one researcher, David "Dick" Byerly, refused to shelve what became known in the company as Project X.
Although used back in these new style Enzymes became commonly known as biological cleaning powders But not great for those with sensitive skin. By there had become a trend for liquid laundry detergents as Laundry tablets disappeared from the market. This was mainly down to the fact that Laundry powders and laundry tablets were clogging up washing machines.
This new technology also improved washing of clothes due to the fact that laundry liquids dissolved much faster than laundry powder in water. Laundry Liquid also dissolved completely at lower temperatures unlike washing powders. This was mainly down to an environmental drive by governments to reduce packaging and our carbon footprint. Whilst this was a great idea clothes washing became complicated for the average user of laundry detergents.
These concentrates would often damage clothes and washing machines as the dosing rates could be complicated. But this time they changed the way the dosing was applied. There was all sorts of refillable containers to add directly into the washing machine drum. These containers worked a lot better as there was less confusion over dosing rates for laundry.
By the year there was tremendous strides in the manufacturing of plastics. This led to the introduction for the first time ever of dissolvable pre-measured laundry liquids and powders.
Although there were serious concerns about child safety as often the packaging was attractive to children leading to a number of cases of poisoning. By making them look less enticing and using containers with more safety features.
There was also a big media through TV, press, and social media making it clear to keep the product out of the reach of children at all times. This and the labelling being updated really helped to drive the message home.
In recent years, the laundry detergent industry has been faced with two environmental challenges, both of which have seem to have been dealt with successfully. Environmentalists were concerned that phosphate builders added large amounts of phosphorous compounds to the nation's waterways. Acting as a fertilizer, the phosphorus stimulated the growth of algae, and these unnaturally large crops of algae significantly depleted the amount of dissolved oxygen in water.
This decrease in free oxygen harmed other marine life, thus threatening to disrupt normal ecological patterns. This problem, and the environmental pressure and legislation it prompted in the late s, led manufacturers to develop effective builders that did not contain phosphates. Today, detergents sold in many states are phosphate-free. Although this adjustment did not entail a change in the manufacturing process, it did require a research effort that took several months to devise a satisfactory alternative.
An earlier environmental problem was that of excess detergent foam appearing in the nation's waterways. In the early s, when home use of washing machines and laundry detergents grew at an explosive rate, there were several instances of large amounts of foam appearing in rivers and streams, although detergent may not have been the only cause of the foaming.
Over a period of five years, from to , it was found that a common surfactant, ABS alkyl benzene sulfonate , the detergent ingredient that contributed to foaming, was responsible. ABS's complex molecular structure did not biodegrade rapidly enough to keep it from foaming once washing water was discharged. A proven replacement was not immediately available. Beginning in , however, manufacturers replaced ABS with LAS linear alkylate sulfonate , which biodegrades rapidly, and since that time, LAS has been the primary foaming agent in detergents.
De Groot, W. Sulphonation Technology in the Detergent Industry. Kluwer Academic Publishers, Marbach, William D. December 7, , p.
Pinder, Jeanne B. March 10, , p. Smith, Emily T. February 15, , p. Soaps and Detergents. The Soap and Detergent Association, Toggle navigation.
In the blender method of making powder laundry detergent, the ingredients—surfactant, builders, antiredeposition agents, and perfumes—are simply blended together in a mixer, released onto a conveyor belt, and packaged accordingly. To make liquid detergent, the dry powder is simply mixed back in with a solution consisting of water and chemicals known as "solubilizers. Periodicals and Pamphlets Marbach, William D. Other articles you might like:. Also read article about Laundry Detergent from Wikipedia.
User Contributions: 1. This was indeed a very useful articleproviding basic knowledge of the detergent mfg processesin brief. I would like to have a more detailed write up on Agglomeration method to understand the large volume mfg.
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