This is because the antibiotic has adapted to the harmful bacteria. This is called antibiotic resistance. Dysentery is an infection in your intestines that causes blood and mucus while passing stools. The bacteria that cause dysentery is Shigella and Entamoeba parasite. The first sign of dysentery is passing 3 to 8 liquid or soft abnormal stools a day. As the disease progresses, you may develop severe pain in your abdomen and pass more than stools a day.
The fever may be unbearable and it can be degrees and above. If a child above or below the age of five is affected with dysentery, then it may not be affected with a high fever. If a clinical treatment does not work, then you need to take serious medical help. One simple way by which you can prevent dysentery is by washing your hands and following a hygienic lifestyle. There are two types of dysentery such as amoebic dysentery and bacillary dysentery.
Each has its own effects on an individual. Here are some of the types of dysentery along with their effects. Amoebic dysentery is usually caused by consuming intoxicated food or water and the symptoms can be very painful. Bacillary dysentery can be very dangerous and it can appear with a day or 3, once a person is infected. The first sign of bacillary dysentery is diarrhoea.
Here are some of the symptoms of bacillary dysentery. Note: Sometimes the symptoms of bacillary dysentery are so mild that it can be treated at home itself. Dysentery is usually caused by bacterial infections such as Shigella, E. Coli, Campylobacter and Salmonella. These are various harmful bacteria that is found in your intestines and can spread quickly from within.
These bacterias differ from country to country. For example, Shigellosis is the bacteria that affects Latin Americans mostly and this is common in Latin America. On the contrary, Campylobacter is the that bacteria causes dysentery among most Southeast Asian countries including India. However, some of the rarest causes of dysentery are intestinal worms and chemical irritants.
Now you may wonder if you have sexual contact with an infected person, will you be affected? Well, the answer is yes! Dysentery can spread by having anal sex with an infected person. Here is a list of causes of dysentery that you need to watch out for. Both infections are spread by ingestion of food or water contaminated with infected feces. If people live or travel in an area where poverty or overcrowding may interfere with good hygiene and sanitation, they are at risk of being exposed to invasive bacteria.
Young children ages 1 to 5 living in poverty are most likely to contract shigellosis , campylobacteriosis, or salmonellosis. If one person has bacillary dysentery, others at their home, daycare, school, or nursing home are at risk of infection from close contact with the infected individual.
Intestinal amoebiasis is caused by a protozoan parasite, Entamoeba histolytica. The amoeba can exist for long periods of time in the large bowel colon. It is uncommon except in developing countries in the world's tropical zones, where it is very prevalent. People are at high risk of acquiring the parasite through food and water if the water for household use isn't separated from waste water.
The parasites can also enter through the mouth when hands are washed in contaminated water. If people neglect to wash properly before preparing food, the food may become contaminated.
Fruits and vegetables can be contaminated if washed in polluted water or grown in soil fertilized by human waste. Having sex that involves anal contact may spread amoebic and bacillary dysentery. This is especially true if the sex included direct anal-oral contact, or oral contact with an object e. The main symptom of dysentery is frequent near-liquid diarrhea flecked with blood, mucus, or pus. Other symptoms include:. Other symptoms may be intermittent and may include recurring low fevers, abdominal cramps, increased gas, and milder and firmer diarrhea.
You may feel weak and tired, or lose weight over a prolonged period emaciation. Mild cases of bacillary dysentery may last 4 to 8 days, while severe cases may last 3 to 6 weeks. Amoebiasis starts more gradually and usually lasts about 2 weeks. Bacillary dysentery symptoms begin within 2 to 10 days of infection.
In children, the illness starts with fever, nausea, vomiting, abdominal cramps, and diarrhea. Episodes of diarrhea may increase to as much as once an hour with blood, mucus, and pus in the child's stool. Vomiting and diarrhea may result in rapid and severe dehydration, which may lead to shock and death if not treated.
Signs of dehydration include an extremely dry mouth, sunken eyes, and poor skin tone. Children and infants will be thirsty, restless, irritable, and possibly lethargic. Children may not be able to produce tears or urine, the latter appearing very dark and concentrated.
Complications from bacillary dysentery include delirium, convulsions, and coma. A very severe infection like this can be fatal within 24 hours. It is a notifiable disease.
Each year worldwide, there are between million and million cases of Shigella infection, of which 1 million are fatal. Over 60 percent of these fatalities are children under 5 years old in developing countries. Laboratory results will reveal whether the infection is due to Shigella or Entamoeba histolyca infection. However, any patient with diarrhea or vomiting should drink plenty of fluids to prevent dehydration. If they are unable to drink, or if diarrhea and vomiting are profuse, intravenous IV fluid replacement may be necessary.
The patient will be placed on a drip and monitored. Mild bacillary dysentery, the kind commonly found in developed countries with good sanitation, will normally resolve without treatment. In more severe cases, antibiotic drugs are available. Amoebicidal medications are used to treat Entamoeba histolyca. These will ensure that the amoeba does not survive inside the body after symptoms have resolved.
Flagyl, or metronidazole, is often used to treat dysentery. It treats both bacteria and parasites. If lab results are unclear, the patient may be given a combination of antibiotic and amoebicidal medications, depending on how severe their symptoms are. The symptoms of dysentery range from mild to severe, largely depending on the quality of sanitation in the areas where infection has spread.
In developed countries, signs and symptoms of dysentery tend to be milder than in developing nations or tropical areas. Some people also develop lactose intolerance , which can last for a long time, sometimes years. Symptoms tend to appear within 1 to 3 days of infection. There is normally a mild stomach ache and diarrhea, but no blood or mucus in the feces. Diarrhea may be frequent to start with. Less commonly, may be :. A person with amoebic dysentery may have :. If amoeba tunnel through the intestinal wall, they can spread into the bloodstream and infect other organs.
The amoebae may continue living within the human host after symptoms have gone. Poor hygiene is the main source.
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