If you want to route traffic randomly to multiple resources, such as web servers, you can create one multivalue answer record for each resource and, optionally, associate an Amazon Route 53 health check with each record. Amazon Route 53 supports up to eight healthy records in response to each DNS query. With Private DNS, you can create a private hosted zone, and Route 53 will only return these records when queried from within the VPC s that you have associated with your private hosted zone.
For more details, see the Amazon Route 53 Documentation. After creating the hosted zone, you can associate it with additional VPCs. Yes, you can associate VPCs belonging to different accounts with a single hosted zone. You can see more details here. Note that you will need to ensure that the VPCs in each region have connectivity with each other in order for resources in one China region to be able to reach resources in another China region.
If your endpoints are within a Virtual Private Cloud VPC , you have several options to configure health checks against these endpoints. If the endpoints have public IP addresses, then you can create a standard health check against the public IP address of each endpoint. If your endpoints only have private IP addresses, then you cannot create standard health checks against these endpoints. However, you can create metric based health checks, which function like standard Amazon Route 53 health checks except that they use an existing Amazon CloudWatch metric as the source of endpoint health information instead of making requests against the endpoint from external locations.
Yes, you can block domains and specific DNS names by creating these names in one or more Private DNS hosted zones and pointing these names to your own server or another location that you manage.
DNS Failover consists of two components: health checks and failover. Health checks are automated requests sent over the Internet to your application to verify that your application is reachable, available, and functional. You can configure the health checks to be similar to the typical requests made by your users, such as requesting a web page from a specific URL. With DNS failover, Route 53 only returns answers for resources that are healthy and reachable from the outside world, so that your end users are routed away from a failed or unhealthy part of your application.
Visit the Amazon Route 53 Developer Guide for details on getting started. Route 53 creates and manages the health checks for your ELB automatically. You do not need to create your own Route 53 health check of the ELB.
You also do not need to associate your resource record set for the ELB with your own health check, because Route 53 automatically associates it with the health checks that Route 53 manages on your behalf. Yes, you can use DNS Failover to maintain a backup site for example, a static site running on an Amazon S3 website bucket and fail over to this site in the event that your primary site becomes unreachable. For these endpoint types, Route 53 automatically creates and manages health checks on your behalf which are used when you create an Alias record pointing to the ELB and enable the "Evaluate Target Health" parameter on the Alias record.
For all other endpoints, you can specify either the DNS name e. One of my endpoints is outside Amazon We b Services. Just like you can create a Route 53 resource record that points to an address outside Amazon Web Services, you can set up health checks for parts of your application running outside Amazon Web Services, and you can fail over to any endpoint that you choose, regardless of location.
For example, you may have a legacy application running in a datacenter outside Amazon Web Services and a backup instance of that application running within Amazon Web Services. You can set up health checks of your legacy application running outside Amazon Web Services, and if the application fails the health checks, you can fail over automatically to the backup instance in Amazon Web Services.
If failover occurs and I have multiple healthy endpoints remaining, will Route 53 consider the load on my healthy endpoints when determining where to send traffic from the failed endpoint? No, Route 53 does not make routing decisions based on the load or available traffic capacity of your endpoints.
You will need to ensure that you have available capacity at your other endpoints, or the ability to scale at those endpoints, in order to handle the traffic that had been flowing to your failed endpoint. The default is a threshold of three health check observations: when an endpoint has failed three consecutive observations, Route 53 will consider it failed.
However, Route 53 will continue to perform health check observations on the endpoint and will resume sending traffic to it once it passes three consecutive observations. You can change this threshold to any value between 1 and 10 observations. After a failed endpoint passes the number of consecutive health check observations that you specify when creating the health check the default threshold is three observations , Route 53 will restore its DNS records automatically, and traffic to that endpoint will resume with no action required on your part.
By default, health check observations are conducted at an interval of 30 seconds. You can optionally select a fast interval of 10 seconds between observations. Fast interval health checks also generate three times the number of requests to your endpoint, which may be a consideration if your endpoint has a limited capacity to serve web traffic. Visit the Route 53 pricing page for details on pricing for fast interval health checks and other optional health check features.
How much load should I expect a health check to generate on my endpoint for example, a web server? Each health check is conducted from two locations in China. Each location checks the endpoint independently at the interval that you select: the default interval of 30 seconds, or an optional fast interval of 10 seconds.
Based on the current default number of health checking locations, you should expect your endpoint to receive one request every seconds on average for standard interval health checks and one or more requests per second for fast-interval health checks. This may cause unexpected results for string-matching health checks.
The health check searches for the specified string in the body of the redirect. For string matching health checks, we recommend that you avoid pointing the health check at a location that returns an HTTP redirect. In simplest terms, the following events will take place if a health check fails and failover occurs: Route 53 conducts a health check of your application.
In this example, your application fails three consecutive health checks, triggering the following events. Route 53 disables the resource records for the failed endpoint and no longer serves these records. This is the failover step, which causes traffic to begin being routed to your healthy endpoint s instead of your failed endpoint.
We recommend a TTL of 60 seconds or less when using DNS Failover, to minimize the amount of time it takes for traffic to stop being routed to your failed endpoint. Route 53 can only fail over to an endpoint that is healthy. If there are no healthy endpoints remaining in a resource record set, Route 53 will behave as if all health checks are passing. In particular, you can use DNS failover to configure a simple failover scenario where Route 53 monitors your primary website and fails over to a backup site in the event that your primary site is unavailable.
However, they do not validate the SSL certificate returned by the endpoint. How can I use health checks to verify that my web server is returning the correct content? This option can be used to check a web server to verify that the HTML it serves contains an expected string.
Or, you can create a dedicated status page and use it to check the health of the server from an internal or operational perspective. You can view the current status of a health check, as well as details on why it has failed, in the Amazon Route 53 console and via the Route 53 API. You can view a graph of the Amazon CloudWatch metric in the health checks tab of the Amazon Route 53 console to see the current and historical status of the health check.
You can also create Amazon CloudWatch alarms on the metric in order to send notifications if the status of the health check changes. Each Amazon CloudWatch metric contains the Health Check ID for example, 01beb6a3-e1ca2b-a0bea6a which you can use to identify which health check the metric is tracking.
Amazon Route 53 health checks include an optional latency measurement feature which provides data on how long it takes your endpoint to respond to a request. Amazon Route 53 provides a separate set of latency metrics for each Amazon Web Services region where Amazon Route 53 health checks are conducted. Because each Route 53 health check publishes its results as a CloudWatch metric, you can configure the full range of CloudWatch notifications and automated actions which can be triggered when the health check value changes beyond a threshold that you specify.
First, in either the Route 53 or CloudWatch console, configure a CloudWatch alarm on the health check metric. Then add a notification action and specify the email or SNS topic that you want to publish your notification to. Q: I created an alarm for my health check, but I need to re-send the confirmation email for the alarm's SNS topic. How can I re-send this email? Confirmation emails can be re-sent from the SNS console. To find the name of the SNS topic associated with the alarm, click the alarm name within the Route 53 console and looking in the box labeled "Send notification to.
Within the SNS console, expand the list of topics, and select the topic from your alarm. The above article may contain affiliate links, which help support CloudSavvy IT.
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As I said before, every DNS record has 4 parts: the name app. There are more DNS record types than this, but those are the ones you'll primarily use in deploying your application.
Finally, the TTL will seem arbitrary. In large part, it is, except that low values are required by AWS to allow changing infrastructure. The default value is s 5 minutes , but the recommended value when working with ELBs, S3, and most other services is 60s 1 minute.
There is one feature of Route 53 that requires special callout and attention—alias records. An alias record is exactly what it sounds like. Integrating it with other services is straightforward and fast to do. Let me give you some examples. In all of these examples, there are different ways you could accomplish the same thing.
I will be giving the best practices for each individual example. Remember how anyone can create and host DNS by listening on port 53? You can use that to your advantage by using Route 53 internal zones in VPC. You can and should also use Route 53 to manage traffic between the same application hosted in different regions. You can route traffic by latency, shortest path, or health. This is all set up in Route As you're launching your app, you should make sure you have a basic understanding of DNS.
Hopefully this primer has gotten you everything you need to make your Route 53 domains authoritative and successfully use Route 53 with other AWS services. AWS monitoring. Kubernetes monitoring. Serverless monitoring. Azure monitoring.
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