This consisted of a row of ten columns, probably of yellow marble, in the line of the wall, with six others in front on three projecting platforms. These columns supported an entablature and attics on which stood quadrigae and statues of triumphatores.
The central quadriga was escorted by Victories. The great hall of the basilica was surrounded with a double row of columns, 96 in all, probably of white or yellow marble, with Corinthian capitals, which formed two aisles 5 metres wide, and supported a gallery on both sides of the nave and at the ends. The nave itself was 25 metres wide, and the total length of the rectangle, without the apses, about The walls of the basilica were faced with marble, and its roof was of timber covered with bronze which is mentioned by Pausanias as one of the most notable features of the whole structure.
The central part of the basilica has been excavated, but the fragmentary granite columns now standing do not belong here, although they have been placed on the original bases. Little remains of the magnificent structures of these basilicas, both of them famous for the beauty of their materials and decoration, but their ground plans and some of the stone that remains give a good indication of their size and some idea of their splendor.
The literary sources refer as well to several earlier basilicas that occupied these and other spaces in the republican Forum, including an unnamed basilica later replaced by the Basilica of Aemelia and Fulvia , Cato's Basilica Porcia in BC, and the Basilica of Aemelia and Fulvia in BC.
The origin of the Roman basilica has been variously traced back to Greek stoas covered colonnades and Hellenistic audience halls.
The open floor plan allowed for audiences of shifting sizes, depending on the notoriety of the case and the fame of the speakers, who had to compete not only against opposing lawyers but against the orators of other trials being held simultaneously. The distinguishing architectural features of the Roman basilica were a multitude of columns supporting a truss roof, and a floor plan that includes a central aisle, or nave, flanked on each long side by a narrower aisle, sometimes double.
Not only was the interior space an open design, due to the columns rather than walls as load bearers, but in many instances several sides of the whole building were open to the outdoors as well in which case the structure was like an elaborately roofed pavilion without walls. A clerestory a central story, or upper part of the nave, that rises into the clear above the roofs of the side aisles, allowing for windows down the length of the nave walls where they rise above the aisles was not uncommon, and there was frequently a raised platform, the tribunal, where an official might preside over trials.
Starting with Constantine, when the Church acquired the liberty and wealth to construct large and prominent worship halls, the term basilica was applied to churches, for which the basilica architecture, with its capacious, open design was more suitable than the Roman temple, which was architecturally polluted by its pagan associations and was at any rate designed to house a deity in its most enclosed section, not to hold a congregation under roof pagan assembly taking place around the sacrificial altar in front of the temple, in open air.
Even the tribunal seat of the basilica was reconfigured as the seat of the bishop. The basilicas ought to be placed in the warmest part of forums so that the businessmen can meet for business there throughout the winter without being disturbed by bad weather. The width of a basilica should be no less than a third and no more than a half of its length, unless difficulties of the site demand some other proportion.
If the site does require a length of greater proportion than twice the width, put vestibules [ chalcidica ] at the ends, as at the Basilica of Julia Aquiliana. Vitruvius , Architecture 5.
My speech [c. This woman, of noble parentage and married to a praetorian senator, was disinherited by her octogenarian father eleven days after the lovesick old man married and brought my client's new stepmother home.
Her suit to regain her patrimony was being tried before a quadruple panel: all jurors from the four courts combined. There was a host of lawyers on each side, benches filled with supporters, and a ring of standing spectators several rows deep around the entire court. Altogether it measured meters long and almost 60 meters wide. The main entrance was in the form of a triumphal arch with three barrel vaults; the attic of the main vault was topped by a quadriga driven by two Victories.
The inside was subdivided into five naves by four columns in the Corinthian style. A grand figured frieze ran around the wall of the hall, some fragments of which, with representations of Victories , are still conserved.
The two apses were decorated with semi-columns and had a niche in the center with a shrine. Your email required. Basilica Ulpia.
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