Who is at risk for rsd

Treatment plans are individualized and often incorporate several of these measures. There's no cure at this time, but research continues.

Advances have resulted in some new and effective treatments. Some patients may experience a remission of symptoms. Navigation menu. It most often affects the arms, legs, hands or feet and is accompanied by: burning pain increased skin sensitivity to touch changes in skin temperature: warmer or cooler compared to the opposite extremity changes in skin color: often blotchy, purple, pale or red changes in skin texture: shiny and thin, sometimes excessively sweaty changes in nail and hair growth patterns swelling and stiffness in affected joint motor disability, with decreased ability to move affected body part What causes RSD?

Table Results summary showing possible risk factors for the onset of CRPS 1 with weighting bias strength and quality and relevance. References M. Sturkenboom, and F.

Seifert, and K. Pertoldi and P. View at: Google Scholar P. Sandroni, L. Benrud-Larson, R. McClelland, and P. Huygen, J. Dieleman, B. Stricker, and M. Borchers and M. Stroup, J. Berlin, S. Morton et al. S33—S40, Burton, S. Bruehl, R. Harden et al. Sumitani, M. Shibata, G. Sakaue, and T. Harden, B. Galer et al. Veldman, H. Reynen, I. Arntz, and R. Harden, S.

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Dincer, M. Taskaynatan, E. However, there are limitations to this study as well. Although the original IASP criteria have a lower specificity than the Budapest criteria 49 , in South Korea, unfortunately these were the only diagnostic criteria accepted by the NHI during the study period. Second, patients who underwent conservative treatment with DRFs were not included in the study.

Hence, the authors only included patients who underwent surgical treatment after DRFs in this study. Third, there was no radiographic information on DRF.

Finally, there may have been some coding errors in this large database. Furthermore, careful monitoring is necessary for patients with complex fractures and RA, who are at increased risk of developing CRPS If CRPS-1 is suspected during patient monitoring, early intervention with proactive anti-inflammatory therapy, such as steroids, may be helpful.

The authors analysed a nationwide database obtained from the HIRA from to All health-care providers submit claims data for inpatient and outpatient management, including diagnostic codes, which are classified according to the ICD codes, procedure codes and demographic information, to the HIRA to request reimbursement for the medical cost from the NHI service.

Hence, the medical records of almost all outpatients or hospitalised patients at health-care institutions in South Korea are prospectively recorded in the HIRA database. Psychiatric disorders and RA, which were shown to be associated with CRPS-1 in previous studies, were examined as comorbidities 8 , Because the HIRA data provide information on the medical specialty responsible for treatment, patients who were diagnosed with depression or anxiety disorder by a psychiatrist prior to DRF were determined to have psychiatric factors Table 6 9.

The operative method was determined by using the operation code to investigate whether open reduction or EF was performed Table 5. A multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to examine factors affecting the occurrence of CRPS-1, considering the confounding effect of variables showing significance in the univariate analysis.

The statistical analysis was performed using the SAS statistical software, version 9. This study protocol was exempted for review by the institutional review board of the Hanyang University Hospital HYUH in accordance with the exemption criteria. Informed consent was exempted because this study used only data opened to the public.

Data will not be shared due terms of the contract signed with the Korean Health Insurance Review and Assessment Service that provided us with the nationwide data in South Korea. According to these terms, the data collected must be discarded once the investigation has been concluded. The incidence of complex regional pain syndrome: a population-based study.

Article PubMed Google Scholar. Kang, J. Relationship between complex regional pain syndrome and working life: a Korean study. Korean Med. Article Google Scholar. Li, Z. Diagnosis and management of complex regional pain syndrome complicating upper extremity recovery.

Hand Ther. Dijkstra, P. Incidence of complex regional pain syndrome type I after fractures of the distal radius. Pain 7 , — Zollinger, P.

Effect of vitamin C on frequency of reflex sympathetic dystrophy in wrist fractures: a randomised trial. Lancet , — Atkins, R. Bone Joint Surg. Moseley, G. Intense pain soon after wrist fracture strongly predicts who will develop complex regional pain syndrome: prospective cohort study. Beerthuizen, A. Demographic and medical parameters in the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 CRPS1 : prospective study on patients with a fracture.

Puchalski, P. Complex regional pain syndrome type 1 after fractures of the distal radius: a prospective study of the role of psychological factors.

Hand Surg. Zyluk, A. Complex regional pain syndrome type I. Risk factors, prevention and risk of recurrence. Pawl, R. Controversies surrounding reflex sympathetic dystrophy: a review article. Pain 4 , — Dilek, B. Anxious personality is a risk factor for developing complex regional pain syndrome type I. Margalit, D. Complex regional pain syndrome, alexithymia, and psychological distress. The association between psychological factors and the development of complex regional pain syndrome type 1 CRPS1 — a prospective multicenter study.

Suso, S. Comminuted intra-articular fractures of the distal end of the radius treated with the Hoffmann external fixator. Trauma 35 , 61—66 Hegeman, J. External fixation for unstable intra-articular distal radial fractures in women older than 55 years. Acceptable functional end results in the majority of the patients despite significant secondary displacement.

On the other hand, your symptoms may get worse and may not be diagnosed in a timely fashion. Quadriparesis refers to weakness in all four limbs. Causalgia, now known as complex regional pain syndrome type II, is a neurological condition that can cause intense and prolonged pain. Fortunately, it…. Several things, from exercise to hot weather, can cause swollen hands.

Learn more about these and other causes, and when you should call your doctor. Learn more. The vagus nerve is the longest of the 12 cranial nerves. Here, learn about its anatomy, functions, and the kinds of health problems that can occur. Muscle twitching refers to small muscle contractions in the body. Learn more about the causes and treatment here. Learn more about this and how it relates to autism.

Health Conditions Discover Plan Connect. Reflex Sympathetic Dystrophy. Medically reviewed by Elaine K. Luo, M. Factors that may put you at risk. About prevention. Read this next.